Kamis, 22 September 2016
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
A. DEFINTION
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
·
Brown and Yule (1983) ) observe that DA examines
“how addressers construct linguistic messages for addressees and how
addressees work on linguistic messages in order to interpret them.”
·
Stubbs (1983:1) describes DA thus:
The term discourse analysis is very ambiguous. It refers mainly to the
linguistic analysis of naturally occurring connected speech or written
discourse. Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of
language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger
linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts. It follows
that discourse analysis is also concerned with language use in social contexts,
and in particular with interaction or dialogue between speakers.
·
Discourse analysis does not presuppose a bias towards
the study of either spoken or written language. In fact, the monolithic
character of the categories of speech and writing has been widely
challenged,especially as the gaze of analysts turns to multi-media texts and
practices on the Internet.
Stef Slembrouck (DA web page)
·
Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the
analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'
This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of
modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the
study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology),
parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in
sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of as they flow
together.
Deborah Tannen
(From Linguistic Society of America web
·
While Nunan (1993), states the definition of discourse
linguistics as the study of how stretches of language used in communication
assume meaning, purpose and unity for their users: the quality of coherence (an
interaction of text with given participants/context)
B.
DEFINITION OF DISCOURSE
·
On the other hand Dakowska, being aware
of differences between kinds of discourses indicates the unity of communicative
intentions as a vital element of each of them. Consequently she suggests using
terms ‚text’ and ‚discourse’ almost interchangeably betokening the former
refers to the linguistic product, while the latter implies the entire dynamics
of the processes (Dakowska 2001:81).
·
"Discourse: a continuous stretch of
(especially spoken) language larger than a sentence, often constituting a
coherent unit such as a sermon, argument, joke, or narrative" (Crystal
1992:25).
· Discourse
is written as well as spoken: every utterance assuming the a speaker Foucault,
1972: 80) The specification with the term is that ‘discourse must be used with
its social purpose’ this is the main specification of discourse.
·
According to Cook (1990:7) novels, as
well as short conversations or groans might be equally rightfully named
discourses.
C. DEFINITION
ANALYSIS
·
Analysis means to break something up into
parts,pieces, reason, or steps and look how those peces are related to each other.
·
While Nunan (1993), states the definition of discourse
linguistics as the study of how stretches of language used in communication
assume meaning, purpose and unity for their users: the quality of coherence (an
interaction of text with given participants/context)
·
Discourse analysis does not presuppose a bias towards
the study of either spoken or written language. In fact, the monolithic
character of the categories of speech and writing has been widely
challenged,especially as the gaze of analysts turns to multi-media texts and
practices on the Internet.
Stef Slembrouck (DA web page)
·
Discourse analysis is sometimes defined as the
analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'
This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of
modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the
study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology),
parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in
sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of as they flow
together.
Deborah Tannen
(From Linguistic Society of America web)
